Leetcode-15 3Sum

3Sum

Given an array nums of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in nums such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:

The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

Example 1

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Given array nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 1],
[-1, -1, 2]
]

解题思路

三指针法。当数组元素均为正数或均为负数时,不可能有 a+b+c==0。因此可将数组排序,以判断数组元素是否均为正数或负数,并方便采用双指针解决 2Sum: a+b=-c 的问题。在外层循环选定 target,在内层循环使双指针靠近。若其和为 target,将该合法“三数”加入结果集,若其和小于 target,递增左指针,否则递减右指针。为避免重复,在外层循环跳过被考虑过的 target,在内层循环跳过相同元素。

复杂度分析

  • 时间复杂度:$O(n^2)$。
  • 空间复杂度:$O(1)$。

代码

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class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int>> res;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
if (nums.empty() || nums.front() > 0 || nums.back() < 0)
return res;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
if (nums[i] > 0) return res;
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) continue;
int target = -nums[i];
int j = i + 1, k = nums.size() - 1;
while (j < k) {
if (nums[j] + nums[k] == target) {
res.push_back({ -target,nums[j],nums[k] });
while (j < k&&nums[j + 1] == nums[j])++j;
while (j < k&&nums[k - 1] == nums[k])--k;
++j;
--k;
}
else if (nums[j] + nums[k] < target)
++j;
else --k;
}
}
return res;
}
};